Published by: Nuru
Published date: 25 Jun 2021
Factor Affecting The Rate of Chemical Reaction- Nature of reactants, Surface area and size of reactants, Concentration of reactants, temperature, etc.
1. Nature of reactants
2. Surface area and size of reactants
3. Concentration of reactants
4. Temperature
5. Catalyst
6. Radiation
1) Nature of Reactants
The reactions by ionic or polar compounds are fast due to proton transfer ut reactions by non-polar or covalent compounds are shown i.e. nature of reactants determines the rate of chemical reactions.
2) Surface Area and Size of Reactants
The rate of a chemical reaction depends upon the surface area and particle size of the reactants in general, the larger the surface area and size of reactants exposed for the reaction faster will be the rate of a chemical reaction. This is the reason why the powder form of calcium carbonate reacts vigorously with dilute acid than a piece of calcium carbonate.
3) Concentration of Reactants
If the concentration of the reactants increases then the rate of reaction also increases and vice versa. It means that the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reaction.
4) Temperature
The rate of chemical reaction increases by increasing the temperature when we increase the temperature, the kinetic energy and velocity of reactant molecules increase due to this rate of chemical reaction increases. Experimentally it is found that by increasing the temperature of any reaction by 100 rates of reaction doubles or triples. The increase in temperature increases the collision frequency and effective collision. So, the rate of reaction increases.
5) Catalyst
A catalyst is a chemical compound that alters the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any chemical change. The use of the ‘+ve’ catalyst alters the reaction path by decreasing the activation energy so that the maximum number of reactant molecules can take part in chemical reactions cross the energy barrier to form the products. Hence the rate of chemical reaction increases. The use of negative catalysts increases the activation energy so that only a few numbers of reactant molecules can take part in a chemical reaction to cross the energy barrier to form the product. Hence the rate of reaction decreases.
The energy profile diagram for the use of ‘+ve’ catalyst and ‘-ve’ catalyst can be represented as:
pic
6) Radiation
The rate of a chemical reaction is increased by certain radiation in certain cases where it breaks the bonds of hydrogen gas with chloride gas takes place only in the presence of light and such type of a chemical reaction is called photochemical reaction.
H2(g) + Cl2(g) ⇋ 2HCl(g)
So these are the factor affecting the rate of a chemical reaction.