Published by: Prastu Regmi
Published date: 24 Jul 2024
Different experts in OB have presented different emerging trends in OB. Here we describe in detail the trends presented by Keith Davis as these trends seem simple, comprehensive, and much more universally applicable.
From | To |
---|---|
Closed System | Open System |
Materialistic Orientation | Human Orientation |
Centralized Power | Distributed Power |
Extrinsic Motivation | Intrinsic Motivation |
Negative attitude toward people | Positive attitude toward people |
Imposed Discipline | Self Discipline |
Authoritative managerial role | Managerial role of leadership and team support |
Focus on organization needs | Balanced focus on employee and organizational need |
1. Open System
An open system is composed of subsystems and the focus is on integration of them and getting a synergy(work together) effect. Previously an organization was considered a closed system.
2. Human Orientation
Many managers in the past viewed that employees come to the workplace to satisfy their economic need only. Today, the expectations of employees have changed a lot. Therefore, managerial practices have been changed more towards cooperation, teamwork, support, and guidance.
3. Distributed Power
Under the classical organizational structure, people were viewed only as a means of production. Power was in the hands of managers, only employees were powerless. Organizations followed the centralization of authority. But now, the trend is towards participation and empowerment of people in organizations.
4. Intrinsic / Internal Motivation
The focus of managers previously was mostly on extrinsic motivation. The factors in this category are salary, supervision, job security, company policy, etc; in recent years managers have started offering more intrinsic motivational factors to their employees.
5. Balanced Force
Objectives, needs, and feelings of employees were neglected in an organization. But late on, managers realized that there should be mutuality of interest. The result is that there is a balanced focus on employee and organizational needs. So, managers have started formulating superordinate goals.
6. Self-Discipline
The emerging trend in OB is towards self-discipline which produces higher results and costs less. It is achieved by managers through creating an environment where employees take themselves as a citizen of the organization. In this type of situation, employees are self-motivated, self-controlled, and guided by their judgment.
7. Leadership and Team Support
An authoritative managerial role is characterized by power exercise, getting respect, dependence on the boss, and a negative attitude towards subordinates resulting in minimum performance, reward, and low job satisfaction. This situation forced managers to adopt the managerial role of leadership and team support increasing motivation, performance, and job satisfaction.
Noticeable confronting challenges for managers in OB are discussed below:
The mental discomfort that results from holding two conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes is known as Cognitive Dissonance.
Signs and symptoms of CD: