Motivation

Motivation refers to the forces within a person that attracts and affects his desire to the destination, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior. It can be labeled in the following three aspects:-

• Energizing or activation aspects- the factor or motivational state that prompts behavior.
• The goal or target- The goal toward which the behavior is directed, and
• The directional aspect- Reasons for differences in intensity of behavior.

Characteristics of Motivation

1. It manages, organizes, and controls behavior.
2. It makes behavior selective.
3. A motivated person sees future goals clearly.
4. It is internally related to emotion.

Motivational Cycle

Need—Drive—Incentives—Reward

Need 

The physical or psychological deprivation in the body creates the need. It is the lack of what we want. When the stimuli remain constant we also remain calm or we don’t want any needs. The tendency to restore a balanced condition in the body is called homeostasis characterized by physiological functioning.

Drive

It means to operate and control the direction. Internal motivational stress that is connected by a need is a drive. Drives are the action-oriented component or the motion to fulfill the desire of the motivation behavior that builds up until they are satisfied.

Incentives

It is the appropriate object or situation toward which motivated behavior is directed. Incentives alleviate a need and reduce drive. An organism will approach positive incentives, and avoid negative incentives.

Rewards

It means a thing given in recognition of service, effort, or achievement. Once the organisms have been obtained the incentives, it drives satisfaction which is the reward. Reward stores the homeostatic condition. If the reward is achieved he will improve his performance.

Hierarchy of Motives

It explains the sequential level of motives according to its importance by Abraham Maslow in 1970.

• Self-actualization(develop the potential to the fullest)
• Self-esteem needs(respect, confidence, attention, status recognition)
• Belonging and love needs(having friends, family, groups, and intimacy)
• Safety needs(security, freedom, and protection)
• Basic physiological needs(food, water, sleep, maternal drive, sleep, sexual gratification