Very Short Question Answers -Spring 2023 digital system

1. Define a digital system and mention its advantages.

- A digital system is an electronic system that processes and manipulates discrete or binary data (typically represented as 0s and 1s). It performs various operations on this digital data, such as arithmetic, logic, storage, and communication.

It’s advantages are:

•  Digital systems can be easily reprogrammed or reconfigured for different tasks.
• They enable complex signal processing and manipulation. 
• They can be stored and retrieved efficiently.

 2. What is De-Morgan's Theorem? State and explain. 

- De Morgan's Theorem is a fundamental concept in digital logic that describes the relationship between the complement (NOT) and the combination of AND and OR operations. There are two aspects to De Morgan's Theorem:

• First Theorem (De Morgan's Theorem for AND): The complement of the AND operation of two variables is equal to the OR operation of their complements. Mathematically: NOT(A AND B) = (NOT A) OR (NOT B)
• Second Theorem (De Morgan's Theorem for OR): The complement of the OR operation of two variables is equal to the AND operation of their complements. Mathematically: NOT(A OR B) = (NOT A) AND (NOT B)

3. What will be the output of the X-NOR gate if inputs are different? 

• An X-NOR gate (also known as an equivalence gate) produces a HIGH (1) output when both of its inputs are the same (either both 0 or both 1). If the inputs are different (one is 0 and the other is 1), the X-NOR gate produces a LOW (0) output.

4. Write the BCD (8421) representation of decimal numbers 8956 and 3924.

• Decimal Number 8956 in BCD: 1000 1001 0101 0110
• Decimal number  3924 in BCD : 0011 1001 0010 0100

 5. If there are 88 outputs in a demultiplexer, then find the number of inputs and selector lines. 

• If there are 88 outputs in a demultiplexer, you would need a total of 7 selector lines (2^7 = 128, which is greater than 88) and the number of inputs would be 1 (since you are selecting one output from 88 possibilities).

6. Draw a circuit diagram of SISO and PIPO. 

SISO: Serial In Serial Out

PIPO: Parallel In Parallel Out

7.Write a few points on Ultra large scale integration is the future. 

• ULSI refers to the integration of a massive number of transistors on a single chip, enabling extremely complex and powerful electronic devices.
• ULSI reduces power consumption and increases energy efficiency in electronic devices, contributing to sustainability efforts.

8. Mention the advantage of Integrated circuits. 

• Power Efficiency: ICs typically consume less power compared to discrete components and are energy-efficient.
• Performance: ICs can offer high-speed operation and performance due to optimized designs.

9. Draw the block diagram of ALU

10. Define Flags. Mention its types.

- Flags are binary status indicators used in processors to reflect the outcome of operations. Commonly used flags in microprocessors include:

• Zero Flag
• Carry Flag
• Overflow Flag
• Sign Flag
• Parity Flag