Sheep Goat and Chyangra

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Sheep Goat and Chyangra

Published by: BhumiRaj Timalsina

Published date: 30 Jan 2022

Sheep Goat and Chyangra under Animal Husbandry in Occupation Business and Technical Education in Grade-7, Reference Note

Animal husbandry means raising livestock. Varieties of animals are farmed under animal husbandry like goat, sheep, cow, buffalo, pig, fish, bee, etc. Animal husbandry helps to improve new breeds of animals.

Importance of Animal Husbandry

  • It is a good source of income.
  • It ensures food security where vegetables are not possible.
  • The dung and shit of animals can be the source of energy as biogas.
  • It improves the new breeds of animals.
  • It is a source of industrial raw materials.

Goat, Sheep and Chyangra

Goat, sheep, and chyangra are popular in Nepal. Chyangra is also known as mountain goat. These are the domestic animals and these animals are good sources of income. We can farm these animals and earn money. Chyangras can survive in extreme cold temperatures whereas others cannot. They are mainly reared for meat production. Their meat is rich in proteins and minerals. Their production depends on types of breeding and overall management of a farm.

Balanced Diet and Pasture Management

Pasture and grazing

A balanced diet means providing all the nutrients required. The animals also need a balanced diet like humans. A balanced diet includes a variety of nutritions like vitamins, proteins, minerals, etc. Goats and sheep eat several roughages. They mostly depend on pasture land for food. Among concentrates, we can prepare either readymade feed or different kinds of grains, rice bran as food for sheep, goat and chyangra. But, we must be sure of a balanced diet so that the development and growth will not be harmed.

Preparation of Balanced Diet from Local Materials

While preparing foods for sheep and goat, just normal food isn't enough. We must include some of the nutrients for diet which are as follows:

  • Carbohydrates and Fats: The main source of carbohydrate is rice, maize, barley, wheat bran and finger millet.
  • Proteins:The main sources of proteins are soybean, mustard seeds, milk byproducts and all kinds of leguminous crops like cowpeas, grams, lentils, peas, etc.
  • Minerals: The main sources of minerals are common salt, bone meal, oyster cells, and readymade mineral mixtures. Calcium and phosphorous are required in a large quantity.
  • Vitamins: Vitamins can be obtained from vegetables and green grass. And, other vitamins are found in ingredients.
  • Water: Fresh water should be provided as much as they need.

To prepare a balanced diet, an example of materials and their proportion is as follows:

Maize

Barley

Rough Wheat

Soybean cake

Mineral mixture

Salt

37 part

37 part

15 part

9 part

1 part

1 part

 

Life Cycle and Breeding

A male goat emits typical odor during urination to attract female goat for mating. After 150 days of mating, the female goat gives birth to 1 or 2 kids. They drink milk from their mother’s udder up to 6 months. A goat becomes young from 3 to 15 months depending on their growth and development. At the delivery time, swollen symptoms appear around the hip and organ, breathing is high, the goat becomes restless and looks for her keeper.

Production Management

Sheep and goats are farmed mainly for milk, wool, and meat. Some people are allergic to cow’s milk. Those people can drink goat's milk. Their meat is of high quality and expensive. Their bodies are covered with wool and it varies upon the sheep and goats. Their wool is cut twice a year and is used for knitting clothes.

But, the production of goats and sheep are unknown due to no recording system. For production management, it is a must to keep the ledger up to date of the following aspects:

  • The records of capital goods
  • Income and expenditure records
  • Meat, milk and wool production report
  • Growth record of sheep, goats, and chyangra
  • Stock report of those animals

Prevention and Control of Diseases and Parasites

Peste des Petits Ruminants (P.P.R): This disease is caused by bacteria and its symptoms are fever, red eyes, running nose, etc. The animal dies within 5-10 days after its infection. Vaccination in two years may prevent it.

Gastroenteritis: It is a virus which makes animal weak, thin and suffers indigestion. We can use medicine like Neblone and Salpha drug for its treatment.

Bloat or Acidosis: It is simply caused by poor feeding habits. The excess gas gets accumulated in the stomach, which causees difficulty in respiration and stomach pain. Inject Avil injection for quick relief.

Footrot: It infects inside the hard shell of the hoof of the leg. It causes inflamed heels.

Pneumonia: It is a bacterial disease caused in a cold weather. It might cause death within a few days if it is not cured in time. The symptoms are rapid breathing, discharge from eyes, no running nose and cough. We can cure this disease by an antibiotic namely streptomycin.